Management of diabetes during the holy month of Ramadan: An Updated Review

Abstract

The goal of this narrative review was to thoroughly analyse how diabetes patients should be managed when they decide to fast throughout the sacred month of Ramadan. Sections on dietary adjustments, lifestyle modifications, and education and support were all covered in the evaluation. Nutrition is one of the most important aspects that affect diabetes treatment during Ramadan. Throughout the month, Muslims traditionally break their fast with dates and water, followed by an iftar meal in the evening. However, this dinner frequently includes foods that are high in fat and carbohydrates, which can raise blood sugar levels and increase the risk of hyperglycemia. Hence, to maintain the best blood glucose control throughout Ramadan, diabetic people should be urged to modify their diets accordingly. For diabetes patients during Ramadan, lifestyle changes are just as important as nutritional adjustments. Regular exercise is one of the most important lifestyle changes that can improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control. Therefore, it's critical to motivate diabetes patients to engage in moderate exercise throughout Ramadan, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, for at least 30 minutes each day. To avoid hypoglycemia, it's also imperative to keep in mind that physical activity needs to be planned appropriately. Another crucial change in lifestyle for people with diabetes during Ramadan is to drink adequate water. Fasting frequently results in dehydration, leading to several health issues, especially in diabetic individuals who are more susceptible to dehydration due to elevated blood sugar levels. Furthermore, diabetes patients should coordinate care with their healthcare practitioner to adjust their medication schedule throughout Ramadan if they receive insulin or other blood glucose-lowering medications. Although the majority of anti-diabetic pharmaceuticals used to treat type 2 diabetes are typically regarded as safe, it should be highlighted that the risk of hypoglycemia may be raised in people who take numerous medications that lower blood sugar. Hence, it is crucial to adjust medication timing and dosage to account for changes in diet and lifestyle during Ramadan. In conclusion, dietary adjustments, lifestyle changes, and medication management are all necessary for managing diabetes patients throughout Ramadan. Individuals with diabetes can successfully manage their condition during Ramadan with the help of healthcare professionals' guidance and education.